Abstract
We have measured the low-voltage resistance of superconductor--insulator--normal-metal tunnel junctions as a function of supercurrent in the superconducting film. The superconducting films were Sn and Al. The junctions had sufficiently high resistances that nonequilibrium effects associated with a charge imbalance in the superconductor were negligible. We find that the supercurrent reduces the resistance as expected from the dirty-limit theory of superconductivity. We conclude that the theory accurately predicts the pair-breaking effects of supercurrents in films despite inevitable nonuniformities in film thickness and supercurrent density that occur in wide films.
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