Abstract
A laboratory work methodic on the experimental study of damping torsion oscillations under educational laboratory conditions was developed in this article. A torsion pendulum, which is usually used for bullet flight speed experimental determination based on angular momentum, mechanical energy conservation laws, and the laws of natural oscillations patterns, was used for this purpose. A torsion pendulum is a rod suspended on a vertically stretched steel wire and capable of performing oscillatory motion in the horizontal plane. Two rectangle shaped bodies are attached at the rod's ends, also two identical cylindrical weights that can be moved, changing the inertia moment of the pendulum, and locked in a chosen position, are arranged on the steel rod. Damping parameter dependencies are studied: the damping coefficient, damping logarithmic decrement, relaxation time, amount of oscillations during relaxation and the mechanical system quality factor against pendulum inertia moment. The least squares method was used in the processing of the experimental results. The results from this experimental study prove theoretical dependencies fidelity. The method used in this study may be recommended for physical practicum at universities when there is not a finished installation for the damping of torsional oscillations.
Highlights
Physical laboratory practicum is an experimental study of physics, supported by modern educational equipment
In the article by Akimov, Baranov & Saletsky (2000), with the help of a training physical pendulum, ways to improve the accuracy of the measurements of gravitational acceleration were considered
The two constructed ln amount of oscillations charts show that pendulum inertia moment I increase leads to the damping logarithmic decrement or oscillation coefficient decrease, that shows the theoretical dependences fidelity of
Summary
Physical laboratory practicum is an experimental study of physics, supported by modern educational equipment. The performance of laboratory works develops the interest of future specialists in the field of scientific research, and ensures the mastering of methods for planning and conducting experiments, of processing and analyzing the obtained data, and processing their results. In the physical laboratory works by Evgrafova & Kagan (1970) and Korzun (1991), practical instructions of Syzdykowa & Kenzhebekova (2015), and many other laboratory works, a physical reversible pendulum is used to study free mechanical oscillations and determine gravitational acceleration through Bessel’s Method. Calculation the oscillations period T according to the formula T = t showed that the oscillations N period values are practically identical in all measurements and, it was sufficient to take the value of time t , which corresponds for N =30 oscillations (in two positions of the cylindrical weights on the rod). Was calculated and the results of measurements and calculations were recorded in the table 1
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