Abstract
Abstract Experiments were performed to investigate bubble behaviors and pool boiling Critical Heat Flux (CHF) on a thin flat rectangular copper heater fabricated on Printed Circuit Board (PCB), at various inclination angles. The surface inclination angles were 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°. Results showed the Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB) heat flux increased with increasing heater orientation from 0° to 90°, while early ONB occurred when the heater faced downwards (135° and 180°). The nucleate boiling was observed to be unstable at low heat flux (1–21% of CHF) and changed into typical boiling when the heat flux was above 21% of CHF. The result shows the CHF decreased with increasing heater orientation from 0° to 180°. In addition, the bubble departure diameter at the heater facing upwards (0°, 45°, and 90°) was more prominent compared to that of the heater facing downward (135°). The nucleation site density also observed increased with increasing heat flux. Moreover, the departed bubbles with larger size were observed to require a longer time to re-heat and activate new nucleation sites. These results proved that the ONB, CHF, and bubble dynamics were strongly dependent on the heater surface orientation.
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