Abstract
The necessity of two-stage (multi-cyclone-baffle) inlet air filters used for motor vehicle engines operating under dusty conditions was demonstrated. The advantages of a set of several dozen cyclones (multi-cyclone) used for filtering inlet air in the engines were shown. The problem of dust accumulation separated by the cyclones in the multi-cyclone dust collector and the necessity of its removal on a current basis were analyzed. Methods of removing dust from the dust collector by means of the QS suction flow were described. It was demonstrated that the most rational method of forcing the suction flow is the use of the suction flow released from the engine. The study results are presented in this paper and show that the removal (by suction) of the accumulated dust from the dust collector additionally causes a noticeable increase in cyclone filtration efficiency. It was shown that the effective suction flow must not exceed 10–15% of the outlet flow value from the cyclone. It was evidenced that the suction of dust from the dust collector of the multi-cyclone, whose range covers several dozen cyclones, causes a differentiation in the value of the suction flows from the individual cyclones, which decreases the effect of suction and interferers with the proper operation of the cyclone. The use of a proprietary methodology, an experimental study of the irregularity of the suction from the cyclones of two multi-cyclones differing in construction, was performed. Suction flows from the cyclones, which were located at a significant distance from the main suction duct, showed 50% lower values. Possibilities of reducing the irregularity of the suction flows from the several dozen cyclones forming the multi-cyclone are presented.
Highlights
The use of trucks and special vehicles, including tracked military vehicles and working machinery, takes place mostly on unpaved, sandy, and desert terrain, where the concentration of air dust is considerable and often exceeds 1 g/m3
The paper presents an experimental evaluation of the influence of suction streams from a multi-cyclone settling tank on the separation efficiency and flow resistance characteristics of a single cyclone, as well as an experimental evaluation of the influence of various dust settling tank designs on the suction streams value
Based on conducted analyses and experimental tests results of a single and multi-cyclone, it was found that: (1) Dust suction from the cyclone settling tank causes a noticeable increase in its separation efficiency, but only up to a certain extraction degree value, called optimal, which, depending on cyclone type, is in the range m0 = 8–15%
Summary
The use of trucks and special vehicles, including tracked military vehicles and working machinery, takes place mostly on unpaved, sandy, and desert terrain, where the concentration of air dust is considerable and often exceeds 1 g/m3. The multi-cyclone is characterized by the possibility of separating large masses of dust from the polluted air, without increasing the flow resistance, but with a much lower efficiency (87–95%) and accuracy (dp > 15–35 μm) than those of a paper filter. Unnecessary loading of the filter structure with additional mass; dust re-suction during vehicle shocks and sudden air flow changes due to rapid engine velocity changes; entrainment (of already separated dust) and decrease in efficiency of the cyclones of the multicyclone in the case of complete filling of the dust collector. It is necessary to continuously remove dust from the dust collector in the multi-cyclones of the vehicle engine air filters This operation is performed by the special devices: fans or blowers and ejectors, which are optional equipment of the engine.
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