Abstract
This paper presents a study of differential AoA (Angle-of-Arrival) based 2D localization method utilizing FM radio signals (88 MHz–108 MHz) as Signals of Opportunity (SOP). Given prior knowledge of the transmitters’ position and signal characteristics, the proposed technique utilizes triangulation to localize receiver’s 2D position. Dual antenna interferometry provides the received signals’ AoA required for triangulation. Reliance on precise knowledge of antenna system’s orientation is removed by utilizing differential Angle of Arrivals (dAoAs). The 2D localization accuracy is improved by utilizing colocated transmitters, a concept proposed in this paper as supertowers. Analysis, simulation, and ground-based experiments have been presented; results showed that when the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) is higher than 45 dB, the proposed method localizes the receiver’s 2D position with an error of less than 15 m.
Highlights
Satellite based navigation system, such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), suffers from poor availability in challenging environments, such as indoor or urban area and is subject to detrimental interferences, such as jamming and spoofing [1]
Signals of Opportunity (SOP) are signals that are transmitted for purposes other than navigation, such as AM/FM radio [3], cellular [4], digital television [5], iridium satellite [6], and Wi-Fi signals [7, 8]
The choice of FM radio signals (88 MHz–108 MHz) as SOP lies in the fact that the numbers of FM band transmitters are often higher in number than its SOP counterparts and FM transmitters for different FM stations are often colocated on the same tower and provides an opportunity to improve the localization accuracy by postprocessing AoAs of the colocated FM transmitters
Summary
Satellite based navigation system, such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), suffers from poor availability in challenging environments, such as indoor or urban area and is subject to detrimental interferences, such as jamming and spoofing [1]. Due to a plethora of ambient RF signals, a new paradigm, termed as OpNav (Opportunistic Navigation) using SOP (Signal of Opportunity), has been proposed to overcome the limitation of satellite based navigation system [2]. A dAoA (differential Angle-of-Arrival) based localization system eliminates the aforementioned requirements where neither the timing of the transmitted signals nor the antenna system’s orientation needs to be known a priori. This paper proposes a dAoA based 2D localization method utilizing FM radio signals as SOP. The contribution of this paper is twofold It demonstrates a dAoA based 2D localization method that eliminates requirement of knowledge about antenna system’s orientation. It presents the experimental results supporting the claim that the localization accuracy can be improved by exploiting supertowers. Mines, bunkers, and tunnels) 2D localization where signals from satellite are unavailable or received signal strength from satellite is low for accurate localization
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