Abstract
The understanding of water adsorption and desorption behavior in the shale rocks is of great significance in the reserve estimation, wellbore stability and hydrocarbon extraction in the shale gas reservoirs. However, the water sorption behavior in the shales remains unclear. In this study, water vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms of the Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin, China were conducted at various temperatures (30 °C, 60 °C) and a relative pressure up to 0.97 to understand the water sorption behavior. Then the effects of temperature and shale properties were analyzed, and the water adsorption, hysteresis, saturation and capillary pressure were discussed. The results indicate that water adsorption isotherms of the Longmaxi shale exhibit the type II characteristics. The water molecules initially adsorb on the shale particle/pore surfaces at low relative pressure while the capillary condensation dominates at high relative pressure. Temperature favors the water sorption in the shales at high relative pressure, and the GAB isotherm model is found to be suitable for describe the water adsorption/desorption behavior. The high organic carbon and full bedding are beneficial to water adsorption in the shales while the calcite inhibits the behavior. There exists the hysteresis between water adsorption and desorption at the whole relative pressure, which suggests that the depletion of condensed water from smaller capillary pores is more difficult than that from larger pores, and the chemical interaction contributes to the hysteresis loop for water sorption. The capillary pressure in the shales can be up to the order of several hundreds of MPa, and thus the desorption of water from the shales may not be as easy as the water adsorption due to the high capillary pressure, which results in water retention behavior in the shale gas reservoirs. These results can provide insights into a better understanding of water sorption behavior in the shale so as to optimize extraction conditions and predict gas productivity in the shale gas reservoirs.
Highlights
The understanding of water adsorption and desorption behavior in the shale rocks is of great significance in the reserve estimation, wellbore stability and hydrocarbon extraction in the shale gas reservoirs
The measurements of water vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin, China were performed at various temperatures (30 °C, 60 °C) and relative pressures (0–0.97) using the gravimetric method
According to the above results, the following conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) The water adsorption isotherms of the Longmaxi shale are characterized as type II behavior
Summary
The understanding of water adsorption and desorption behavior in the shale rocks is of great significance in the reserve estimation, wellbore stability and hydrocarbon extraction in the shale gas reservoirs. Water vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms of the Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin, China were conducted at various temperatures (30 °C, 60 °C) and a relative pressure up to 0.97 to understand the water sorption behavior. Temperature favors the water sorption in the shales at high relative pressure, and the GAB isotherm model is found to be suitable for describe the water adsorption/desorption behavior. Understanding the adsorption/desorption behavior of water vapor in shale rocks is essential to predict the water lock problem in the development of shale gas reservoirs so as to provide the design for the hydraulic fracturing and fracturing fluid. Dutta21, Rutqvist[22] and Zhang et al.[23] suggested that the retention of fracturing fluid in shale due to water adsorption can cause the expansion and dispersion effect of clay, and the capillary pressure in the pore throat was very large, which was unfavorable to the production of shale gas. The relationship between water adsorption, saturation and capillary pressure were determined to explain the absorption-imbibition and drainage-desorption process in shale gas reservoirs
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