Abstract
A series of physical experiments was conducted to study the geometry characteristics and evolution of sand waves under waves and currents. Large scale bedforms denoted as sand waves and small bedforms represented by ripples were both formed under the experimental hydrodynamic conditions. Combining the experimental data with those from previous research, the characteristics of waves and currents and measured sand waves were listed. Small amplitude wave theory and Cnoidal wave theory were used to calculate the wave characteristics depending on different Ursell numbers, respectively. The results show good agreement between the dimensionless characteristics of sand waves and the dimensionless wave characteristics with a smaller wave steepness. When the wave steepness is large, the results seem rather scattered which may be affected by the wave nonlinearity. Sand wave steepness hardly changed with bed shear stress. A simple linear relationship can be found between sand wave length and wave steepness. It is easy to evaluate the sand wave characteristics from the measured wave data.
Highlights
Bed forms with different scales are widely observed on many shallow continental shelves
We assume that the bed has achieved a dynamic equilibrium when the change of bed is less than 5% of the sand wave elevation
The time series of the wave particle velocity calculated with Cnoidal wave theory in shallow water is quite different from the small amplitude wave theory
Summary
Bed forms with different scales are widely observed on many shallow continental shelves. Known as ripples, are often superimposed on the large scale bedforms such as sand waves, sand ridges etc They coexist under interaction between tides, winds, waves and other complicated hydrodynamic conditions [1,2]. Sand waves are dynamic rhythmic bed forms with wave lengths of hundreds of meters and heights of several meters [3,4,5] They can migrate up to tens of meters per year [6]. Inaddition additionto tostability stabilitymodels, models,process-based process-basedmorphodynamic morphodynamic models, models, and graded sediment [24,25,26,27] In such as Delft3D, were widely applied in the study of sand waves recently.
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