Experimental Investigation of the Steady and Unsteady Flow Field in a Single Stage Low Pressure Axial Compressor With a Circumferential Groove Casing Treatment

Abstract

This paper deals with the experimental investigation of the influence of a circumferential groove casing treatment on the performance and stability margin of a single stage low pressure axial compressor. The design of the compressor stage is representative of a booster stage for the new counter-rotating turbofan engine architecture and is characterized by unusually high loading and flow coefficients. The choice of the circumferential groove is described on the basis of a numerical parametric study on the number of grooves, the axial position, the depth and width of the groove. The experiments were performed at a Reynolds number corresponding to cruise conditions in the von Karman Institute closed loop high speed compressor test rig R4. The detailed performance characterization of the compressor stage with casing treatment was mapped at four operating points from choke to stall at design speed. The compressor stall limit was determined at several other off-design speeds. Detailed steady and unsteady measurements were performed to determine the flow field characteristics of the rotor and of the complete stage. Conventional pressure, temperature and directional probes were used along with fast response pressure sensors in the rotor casing and in the groove. Simultaneous traverses with a fast response total pressure probe were used to map the unsteady flow field at the rotor exit allowing an experimental capture of the tip leakage vortex path and extension through the rotor passage. A comparison of the flow features with and without casing treatment was performed and the results are discussed against 3D viscous computational predictions. The casing treatment did not present any improvement of the compressor stall margin but no significant performance degradation was observed either. The CFD predictions showed a good agreement with the measurements and their analysis supported the experimental results.