Abstract
The initial stability after implantology is paramount to the survival of the dental implant, and the surface roughness of the implant plays a vital role in this regard. The characterisation of surface topography is a complicated branch of metrology, with a huge range of parameters available. Each parameter contributes significantly towards the survival and mechanical properties of three-dimensional printed specimens. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the effect of surface roughness of three-dimensional printed dental implants and three-dimensional printed dogbone tensile samples under areal height parameters, amplitude parameters (average of ordinates), skewness parameters and mechanical properties. During the experiment, roughness values were analysed, and the results showed that the skewness parameter demonstrated a minimum value of 0.59%. The three-dimensional printed dental implant recorded the arithmetic mean deviation of the assessed profile with a 3.4-mm diameter at 43.23% and the three-dimensional printed dental implant with a 4.3-mm diameter at 26.18%. Samples with a complex geometry exhibited a higher roughness surface, which was the greatest difficulty of additive manufacturing when evaluating surface finish. The results show that when the ultimate tensile stress decreases from 968.35 to 955.25 MPa, the arithmetic mean deviation increases by 1.4%, and when ultimate tensile stress increases to 961.18 MPa, the arithmetic mean deviation increases by 0.6%. When the cycle decreases from 262,142 to 137,433, the arithmetic mean deviation shows that less than a 90.74% increase in the cycle is obtained. For the three-dimensional printed dental implants, the higher the surface roughness, the lower the mechanical properties, ultimately leading to decreased implant life and poor performance.
Highlights
The mechanical behaviour of a structure is one of the most important factors to consider in the design of a dental implant (Vaidya and Pathak 2019)
Surface roughness, which is an unavoidable phenomenon at machining, is usually strictly required when the processed materials are applied in structural components subjected to cyclic loads (Xiao et al 2012)
Surface treatments on titanium materials have been in existence for a long time (Marenzi et al 2019; Jemat et al 2015; Le Guéhennec et al 2007); technologies involved in this treatment have evolved in the last 10 years (Kunrath 2020)
Summary
The mechanical behaviour of a structure is one of the most important factors to consider in the design of a dental implant (Vaidya and Pathak 2019). The use of additive manufacturing is a useful tool in the design and production of dental implants (Oliveira and Reis 2019); despite many attempts, this technology is still The production of this material leads to the possibility of using three-dimensional (3D) printing in the field of tissue engineering, which allows for the production of scaffolds with patient-specific dimensions (Becker et al 2015a; Ren et al 2021). Extra-low interstitial (ELI) titanium or Ti-64 ELI is a well-known light alloy characterised by excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance combined with low specific weight and biocompatibility (Kuss et al 2015). This material is ideal for many high-performance applications (Moletsane et al 2016). It was reported that surface roughness plays a critical role in determining the life of the implant (Obiukwu et al 2015)
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