Abstract
The experimental evidence for the need to extend the interacting boson approximation (IBA) beyond the N, s, d model space is investigated for deformed nuclei. The focus is on proton and neutron pair excitations and L = 4 collective modes. Shell model intruder states in odd-mass nuclei are suggested as indicators that pair excitations may play a role in the low-energy collective spectrum. The actinide region is emphasized to have unusual low-energy collective features. The collective properties associated with ”fission” isomers are summarized. The properties of O + states in the Yb and Hf isotopes are outlined. The location of L = 4 collective strength is addressed. It is concluded that there is a serious need for experimental data on two-proton transfer reactions (to locate proton pair excitations) and inelastic scattering reactions (to locate L = 4 collective strength).
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