Abstract
Individuals vary widely in how they categorize novel and ambiguous phenomena. This individual variation has led influential theories in cognitive and social science to suggest that communication in large social groups introduces path dependence in category formation, which is expected to lead separate populations toward divergent cultural trajectories. Yet, anthropological data indicates that large, independent societies consistently arrive at highly similar category systems across a range of topics. How is it possible for diverse populations, consisting of individuals with significant variation in how they categorize the world, to independently construct similar category systems? Here, we investigate this puzzle experimentally by creating an online “Grouping Game” in which we observe how people in small and large populations collaboratively construct category systems for a continuum of ambiguous stimuli. We find that solitary individuals and small groups produce highly divergent category systems; however, across independent trials with unique participants, large populations consistently converge on highly similar category systems. A formal model of critical mass dynamics in social networks accurately predicts this process of scale-induced category convergence. Our findings show how large communication networks can filter lexical diversity among individuals to produce replicable society-level patterns, yielding unexpected implications for cultural evolution.
Highlights
Individuals vary widely in how they categorize novel and ambiguous phenomena
The “social constructivist” view of cultural evolution suggests that large communication networks contain greater individual variation, which leads to greater divergence and unpredictability in the evolution of category systems[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18]
Our results suggest that convergence in category formation across independent populations is significantly shaped by the communication networks in which people are embedded
Summary
Individuals vary widely in how they categorize novel and ambiguous phenomena This individual variation has led influential theories in cognitive and social science to suggest that communication in large social groups introduces path dependence in category formation, which is expected to lead separate populations toward divergent cultural trajectories. There is considerable evidence that independent populations consistently arrive at highly similar category systems across a range of topics[19,20,21], including flora[22], geometry[23], emotion[24], color[25], and kinship[26] These findings pose a striking puzzle—how is it possible for separate and diverse populations, composed of individuals with significant variation in how they categorize the world, to independently construct similar category systems19,27–29?. These findings offer insight into category similarities across societies[19,20,21,22], by showing how large communication networks can filter lexical diversity in such a way that leads communities toward convergent and replicable trajectories in category creation
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