Abstract
Intermittent membrane aeration provides a substantially improved energy efficiency in hollow fibre-based immersed membrane bioreactors (HF iMBRs). The benefits of intermittent aeration have been assessed with respect to sustaining a target flux and/or limiting the fouling rate to a sustainable level based on a small plant using full-scale HF modules. Results show that for the same specific aeration demand per unit of permeate produced (SAD(p)), fouling rates were significantly lower for 10 s filtration, 30 s relaxation ("10:30" intermittent aeration) compared to 10:10 and continuous aeration. At a net flux (J(net)) of 23.3 litres m(-2) h(-1) (LMH), a SAD(p) of 4.6 was found sufficient to sustain operation, this value being up to 75% and 50% lower compared to continuous and 10:10 aeration respectively. This empirical data was compared with heuristic data from 5 large scale HF iMBR plants, which revealed that 10:30 aeration can sustain a relatively high flux (up to 25.3 LMH) under dry weather conditions in warm climates, with the recorded SAD(p) ranging from 5.3-10.9.
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