Abstract
Nowadays the field of application of products made from polymer materials is constantly increasing. These products find their wide application in the most high-tech industries such as automotive, aerospace and medical industry. Modern trends in the development of the automotive industry predicts that 75 % of the total car mass will be replaced with polymer materials by 2020 and other industries demonstrate similar trends. Regarding to this information, engineering companies that design parts of the automotive industry should have polymer material characteristics over an entire range of deformations up to destruction for their performance prediction. However, strength characteristics of products from polymers are different and depend not only on a polymer grade but also on technology used for part production. Existing literature review on this problematic area is rather rare. The purpose of this paper is to determine and analyze mechanical characteristics of widely used PPH030GP polymer obtained by extrusion and ABS, PLA polymers applied while manufacturing samples using an additive method (3D-printing) depending on the rate of high-elastic deformation. All the samples have been made according to the requirements of GOST 11262–80 and subjected to uniaxial stretching on a tensile machine UIT STM 050/300 at different speeds of clamp expansion. According to experimental results, stretching diagrams in conditional coordinates s–e have been obtained up to the point of failure for different rates of clamp expansion. It has been shown that while using the additive method, a direction of layers and adhesion between them, which depends on 3D-print parameters, have a significant effect on the part strength. Printing settings are indicated in accordance with the selected mode and a 3D-printer model. As a result of data processing, strength characteristics of PPH030GP polymer and ABS and PLA polymers have been determined to a sufficient extent, depending on the direction of printing layers and rate of high-elastic deformation. These data can be used to calculate strength of products by numerical methods and a finite element method in various software products.
Highlights
Nowadays, polymers have found wide application in various branches of science and technology, such as automobile and tractor design, medicine, oil and gas extraction, national economy, etc. [1]
8 samples of the extensively used PPH030GP polymer and 6 polymer ABS and PLA samples produced by 3D-printing (3 samples for each material) were subjected to tensile testing to determine the strength characteristics according to GOST 11262–80
It was found that the modulus of elasticity E of PPH030GP polymer ranges from 937 to 743 MPa and on average is 860 MPa, which is 8.5 % more than ABS and 14.8 % higher than PLA; 2) additive methods of manufacturing products create a part with a significant anisotropy of properties, which depends on the direction of layers and printing parameters of the 3D-printer
Summary
Polymers have found wide application in various branches of science and technology, such as automobile and tractor design, medicine, oil and gas extraction, national economy, etc. [1]. It should be noted that parts made of polymeric materials by the traditional method or made with additive technologies (3D-printing method) should operate in temperature range from plus 150 °C to minus 45 °C under a variety of loading conditions [4]. Due to this fact, engineering companies that design car parts should have strength characteristics for the materials under various loading conditions up to destruction for their performance prediction. In the works mentioned, there is no analysis of the influence of the load application velocity on the polymers strength characteristics. In the foreign literature, the analysis was performed without taking into account the influence of the viscoelastic deformation [13,14,15,16]
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