Abstract
The exploration of the structure of the nucleon reaches a new level of sophistication when explicit dependences on transverse momenta of partons in both parton distributions and fragmentation functions are included. These dependences lead to a manifold of new correlations between the nucleon and quark spin as well as their momenta and thus a wealth of experimental observables. A particular example is the novel Sivers function that—according to firm QCD predictions—has to change sign when going from the Drell-Yan process to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. Here a review is given on which knowledge has been gathered about transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distribution and fragmentation functions from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering experiments.
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