Abstract
The study of the hydraulic jump developed in stilling basins is complex to a high degree due to the intense velocity and pressure fluctuations and the significant air entrainment. It is this complexity, bound to the practical interest in stilling basins for energy dissipation purposes, which brings the importance of physical modeling into the spotlight. However, despite the importance of stilling basins in engineering, bibliographic studies have traditionally focused on the classical hydraulic jump. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the characteristics of the hydraulic jump in a typified USBR II stilling basin, through a physical model. The free surface profile and the velocity distribution of the hydraulic jump developed within this structure were analyzed in the model. To this end, an experimental campaign was carried out, assessing the performance of both, innovative techniques such as the time-of-flight camera and traditional instrumentation like the Pitot tube. The results showed a satisfactory representation of the free surface profile and the velocity distribution, despite some discussed limitations. Furthermore, the instrumentation employed revealed the important influence of the energy dissipation devices on the flow properties. In particular, relevant differences were found for the hydraulic jump shape and the maximum velocity positions within the measured vertical profiles, when compared to classical hydraulic jumps.
Highlights
The hydraulic jump phenomenon constitutes a crucial tool in hydraulic engineering due to its energy-dissipating nature [1,2,3]
Since the practical interest in the hydraulic jump is mainly focused on energy dissipation in dams, a thorough understanding of the flow taking place in stilling basins is of utmost importance
A series of variables related to the free surface profile of the hydraulic jump developed in the physical model were measured in the experimental campaign
Summary
The hydraulic jump phenomenon constitutes a crucial tool in hydraulic engineering due to its energy-dissipating nature [1,2,3]. It is commonly used in stilling basins to dissipate the excess of energy in the flow, which is returned to the river in adequate conditions. The complex nature of the hydraulic jump, involving intense turbulence, velocity and pressure fluctuations and significant air entrainment, places the current knowledge far from a full understanding of the phenomenon [4,5]. Since the practical interest in the hydraulic jump is mainly focused on energy dissipation in dams, a thorough understanding of the flow taking place in stilling basins is of utmost importance. This study seeks to enhance the knowledge about the hydraulic jump occurring in a particular case of stilling basin
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