Abstract
The effects of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires on the damage behavior of glass fibers/epoxy resin composite laminates for the case of low-velocity impact are investigated experimentally and numerically. In this work, the low-velocity impact tests of SMAs/glass fibers/epoxy resin composite laminates are carried out. The elastic–plastic theory was adopted to simulate the mechanical behavior of SMA during the loading stage. The three-dimensional (3D) Hashin failure criterion is adopted in Abaqus/Explicit to model the damage initiation of composite laminates. The cohesive damage model is introduced to control the interface element and model the delamination failure. Moreover, the impact damage mechanisms of composite laminates are analyzed based on the experimental and numerical simulation results. These results show that the numerical results obtained in the present study have a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, it is also found that impact damages are mainly caused by matrix cracks and delamination with no perforation for the case of 32-J impact energy, and impact damages are mainly caused by fibers breakage with perforation for the case of 64-J impact energy.
Highlights
Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratio [1,2]
It is well-known that the mechanical properties of composite laminates deteriorate and the structural stability of composite laminates decreases for the case of the low-velocity impact loading
In the early 1960s, Buehler et al [5,6] discovered the shape memory effect in an equiatomic Ni–Ti alloy. It was discovered in some research studies that the Ni–Ti alloy exhibited fully recoverable transformation strains up to 8%, which could be obtained in various forms, such as wires, strips, rods, tubes, and plates [7]
Summary
Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratio [1,2]. Their impact damage tolerance has been a major concern in engineering applications. It is well-known that the mechanical properties of composite laminates deteriorate and the structural stability of composite laminates decreases for the case of the low-velocity impact loading. In the early 1960s, Buehler et al [5,6] discovered the shape memory effect in an equiatomic Ni–Ti alloy. Due to the unique properties of shape memory alloy (SMA)
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