Experimental and numerical study of the impact behavior of SMC plates

Abstract

Steel components absorb impact energy by plastic deformation whilst composite materials absorbing it by damage mechanisms such as fiber debonding, fiber fracture, and matrix cracking. Therefore, in order to properly substitute metal components with composite ones in industrial applications, the impact property of composite materials must be well known. In this study, the impact behavior of sheet molding compounds (SMC), which is widely used in automobile industry due to its relatively low cost and high productivity, was examined both experimentally and numerically. In order to investigate the impact behavior of SMC, an experimental study was carried out by setting up a drop weight impact test system. Using this system, the dissipated impact energies of SMC flat plates were measured to investigate the influence of the mass and shape of impactor, initial velocity, and specimen thickness on the impact behavior. For numerical predictions, a modified damage model for SMC was developed and adopted in the user defined material subroutine of the commercial simulation program LS-DYNA3D. For the sake of improving efficiency of impact simulations, the SMC material property was determined in consideration of the local differences of the fiber volume fractions. The dissipated impact energies under various conditions and the reliability of the developed impact simulation process were examined through comparisons of the predicted data with the experimental results. From this comparison, it was found that, in the scope of current study, the specimen thickness is the most important parameter that should be considered in the design of SMC components for the aspect of impact behavior.