Abstract
Considering the potential impact of sidewalls on façade fire spread, their popularity in modern building designs has raised great concerns in terms of fire safety. This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study on JIS A 1310 calibration tests (non-combustible façade) with heat release rates (HRR) ranging from 600-900 kW and sidewall distances spanning 0.05–0.4 m. In the experimental analysis, a non-dimensional sidewall distance of 0.55 is identified as crucial for maintaining the symmetry of the façade temperature distribution and avoiding the accumulation of intense flames towards the sidewall. Following this, numerical modeling is conducted under a partially refined grid with the one equation eddy viscosity model of turbulence, eddy dissipation model of combustion, and discrete ordinate method of thermal radiation. The modeling focuses on temperature, heat flux, and flame morphology, exhibiting a reasonably good agreement compared to experimental measurements. Utilizing this numerical configuration, extended sidewall distances are investigated, and the dimensionless factor K is developed to characterize the correlation of sidewall distances vs flame height, by introducing a limitation term and HRR-varied entrainment coefficient λ.
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