Abstract
In this study, experimental and numerical investigations of the dense brine jets are conducted for disposal areas of limited extent. First, a new experimental model representing a section of sea floor with a single port brine outfall is built to study different characteristics of dense jets. Second, a number of numerical experiments have been conducted via Fluent CFD package to compare the numerical results with its corresponding physical observations and measurements. Experimental observations are made for both the terminal height of rise of dense jets discharged vertically from circular outlets into calm and homogeneous environment and for concentration profiles along the dense jet trajectory. Various combinations of port diameters and concentration of effluent salinities are investigated to cover a wide range of conditions. The results from the carried out experiments are compared to different available experimental and field observations from the literature. A new model for the terminal height of rise of dense jets has been derived. The experimental observations of concentrations along the dense jet trajectory are analyzed to quantify the mixing patterns for a given operating condition from the source point to the terminal height of rise. The numerical model has been used to identify the penetration depth and also to get the temporal variation of the brine breakthrough curves at different locations above the disposal port. The numerical model has shown the existence of multipeak breakthrough curves for the farest points from the port (but the closest to the water free surface).
Highlights
Due to the limited fresh water resources in many countries all over the world, desalination industry has been widely flourished within its countries
Densimetric Froude Number ized penetration depth It is noted that this relation is almost linear and can be closely approximated using a straight line
The analysis of the measurements from current experiments and data from previous works confirm the validity of the linear penetration depth function in terms of the densimetric Froude number
Summary
Due to the limited fresh water resources in many countries all over the world, desalination industry has been widely flourished within its countries. It is expected that the global desalinated water supply will reach 54 billion m3 per year by 2020 [1]. It has been noted that 24% of the world desalination capacity occurs in Saudi Arabia. All desalination processes involve three liquid streams: the saline feedwater stream (brackish or seawater), the low-salinity product water, and the very saline concentrate (brine or reject water) stream. A by-product of desalination is brine which is a concentrated salt solution (with more than 35 000 mg/1 dissolved solid) that must be disposed of; generally by discharge it into deep saline aquifers or into oceans or seas via outfalls
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