Abstract
The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of loess soil treated with lime on the lateral-seepage response. Three groups of box experiments were carried out to study the lateral-seepage effect under different types of loess-lime structures. Automated testing systems were designed to perform experiments and collect data. Additionally, numerical analysis of lateral-seepage impact and embankment settlement was performed. Finally, moisture content and settlement were monitored to quantify lateral-seepage effect results under corresponding loess-lime treatment. Results showed that loess-lime compaction piles and diaphragm wall structures could effectively prevent lateral seepage, and the latter was better. The simulated results are similar to the measured values of the box experiment, which indicates the accuracy of the simulation analysis and further supports the experimental results of this study.
Highlights
Loess is widely distributed worldwide, such as in Asia, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Northern Russia, Midwestern United States, and other places [1]
After experiencing water [4], the cement between the particles is dissolved. e soil tends to be dense under the influence of its weight, and it appears as a collapse in appearance [5]. e collapsibility of the loess has a significant impact on the construction of the project, such as roadbed subsidence [6], soil loss, and so on. ese engineering disasters are not uncommon in our current engineering construction [7]; in the construction of the collapsible loess area, antiseepage and collapsibility must be considered [8]. e standard methods used to eliminate collapsibility include tamping [9], exchange-fill [10], cement mixing pile [11], CFG pile [12], and building seepage prevention structure
Fattah et al found that the behavior of loess soil is similar to that of collapsible gypseous soil; they often have sufficient void space in their natural state to hold their liquid limit moisture content at saturation. ese soils possess high apparent strength at their naturally low moisture content, but they are susceptible to significant reductions in void ratio upon wetting [20, 21]
Summary
Loess is widely distributed worldwide, such as in Asia, Central Europe, Southern Europe, Northern Russia, Midwestern United States, and other places [1]. Niu Ya et al [23] carried out an indoor model test to study loess-lime compaction pile and cement-soil compaction pile with different pile spacing as the lateral seepage control structure; results showed that cement-soil compaction pile has a better effect on seepage control than lime-soil compaction pile. Both Zhu and Niu they all conducted traditional manual data acquisition experiments and did not use numerical simulations to validate the test results. Numerical analysis was carried out to compare with lab results; they can prove the accuracy of each other
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