Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing can improve the permeability of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs effectively, which is of great significance to the commercial production of CBM. However, the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing is affected by multiple factors. The mechanism of fracture initiation, morphology and propagation in CBM reservoirs is not clear and need to be further explored. Hydraulic fracturing experiment is an accurate tool to explore these mechanisms. The quantity of experimental coal rock is large and processing method is complex, so specimen made of similar materials was applied to replace coal rock. The true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experimental apparatus, 3D scanning device for coal rock section were applied to carry out hydraulic fracturing experiment. The results show that the initiation pressure is inversely proportional to the horizontal stress difference (Δσ) and positively related to fracturing fluid injection rate. When vertical stress (σv) is constant, the initiation pressure and fracture width decrease with the increasing of Δσ. Natural fractures can be connected by main fracture when propagates perpendicular to the direction of minimum horizontal stress (σh), then secondary fractures and fracture network form in CBM reservoirs. When two stresses of crustal stress are close and far different from the third one, the fracture morphology and propagation become complex. Influenced by perforations and filtration of fracturing fluid in specimen, fracturing fluid flows to downward easily after comparing horizontal well fracturing with vertical well fracturing. Fracture width increases with the decreasing of elastic modulus, the intensity of fracture is positively related with the elastic modulus of coal rock. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient development of CBM.
Highlights
Hydraulic fracturing is an effective method for improving the permeability and output of coalbed methane (CBM), which is of great significance for commercial exploitation of CBM [1,2,3,4]
The fracture initiation, morphology and propagation are important for the fracture network geometry, which influence the efficiency of hydraulic fracturing greatly in coal seam[5]
While hydraulic fracturing technology is adopted in CBM reservoirs, the geometry of fractures is of great significance to the optimization design of hydraulic fracturing
Summary
Hydraulic fracturing is an effective method for improving the permeability and output of coalbed methane (CBM), which is of great significance for commercial exploitation of CBM [1,2,3,4]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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