Abstract
Abstract In this research, an experiment was conducted in the Taihang Mountains in China with a self-designed automatic soil and rock water infiltration monitoring system and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) device to analyze the infiltration process of disturbed soil and rock profile under constant head, unsaturated seepage properties and permeability coefficient of discontinuous rock masses. It was found that the infiltration process curve has an obvious fluctuation in the late stage of unsaturated seepage (after 18:00 p.m. on March 20th) which not only reflects the temporal variation of infiltration rate, but the spatial variation of rock structure. The lateral soil water of soil and rock dual-texture mainly flows in the interface of soil and rock. The infiltration rate of soil water can be as high as 2.42 × 10−4 cm/s, accounting for about 20% of the stable infiltration rate. After the water infiltrated in the lower rock layers, the water was mainly stored and flowed in the fissure network in the rocks, but did not completely fill the whole fissure network. Firstly, the local priority channel is adopted to infiltrate. With the increasing of rock saturation, the local priority channel will also expand and finally extend to the whole fissure network. The permeability coefficient of the soil and rock dual-texture in the study area is 1.26 × 10−3 cm/s.
Highlights
Mountain regions are a major source of surface water and groundwater recharge in the world (Viviroli et al 2007; Dettinger 2014)
One noticeable characteristic of Xiongan is that it is located in the region of slow flooding and stagnation of the Daqing River, which originates from the eastern Taihang mountain and its current flood recurrence period is only one in ten years, and it has suffered many flood disasters (Xia & Zhang 2017)
The objective of this study is to reveal the water movement and transformation mechanism of soil and rock dualtexture in a mountain system based on a large permeameter device with a length of 2 m, a width of 1 m, a depth of 3 m and a self-designed automatic soil water infiltration monitoring system and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) device
Summary
Mountain regions are a major source of surface water and groundwater recharge in the world (Viviroli et al 2007; Dettinger 2014). Taihang Mountain plays important roles in ecological service, water conservation and climate regulation for surrounding regions (Hu et al 2019), especially for Xiongan New Area, ‘a strategy crucial for a millennium to come’ by the Chinese government (Song et al 2018). Taihang Mountain is located in a region with large relief caused by limestone uplift (Wang & Li 2008) and is greatly affected by the Asian monsoon during the rainy season (Yamanaka et al 2004; Liu et al 2010).
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