Experiential learning for 16-19 year old students : using experiences of risk and failure to make learning more flexible and entrepreneurial

Abstract

In this thesis the aim has been to consider student learning in Business Education in the 16-19 age range through an examination of aspects of Experiential Learning. The main aspects of Experiential Learning that have been focused on include enterprise, work-related learning, risk and failure and how these impact on student learning and motivation. There is also a focus on the Young Enterprise Programme. The methodology used in the research is underpinned by a pragmatist paradigm in terms of the choice of methods, which has led to the use of a mixed methods or 'blended' approach. Data was collected from the key stakeholders in the 16-19 age phase of education and included the students themselves, educational institutions, teachers, employers, and students involved in the Young Enterprise Programme. The data was then analysed in order to illuminate the six themes for investigation. An initial study was undertaken and the findings from this indicated a dichotomy between schools and colleges in how Experiential Learning was used. More significantly however, there was contradictory evidence with regard to risk taking, and the opportunities which students are given in order to experience failure. These findings, alongside key aspects of the literature, were used to develop six main themes for investigation. The main study that then followed, indicated that experience of risk and failure, often via informal and incidental learning, can lead to new understanding and new modes of thinking. It also indicated that although valuable, work placement does not always provide a meaningful and consistent experience for students, and may encourage them to focus on success and the established ways of doing things. The findings then led to the conclusion that in a successful collaborative group, learners can have the support and encouragement to take risks and make changes. In turn, such groups and the associated support that they provide can promote more effective work related Experiential Learning. The findings from the main study, and the subsequent discussion and analysis of these, and also led to a consideration of the implications of the study for professional practice. Young people seeking work in the future are likely to need to be more flexible and entrepreneurial in their attitudes. The research indicates that the education system needs a greater capacity for innovation and creativity, in relation to facilitating the experience of risk and failure for students, in order to develop those flexible and entrepreneurial attitudes.