Experiences of children and young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions

Abstract

Purpose To explore the experiences of children and young people (CYP) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic and lock down restrictions. Methods Semi-structured, online interviews were conducted with 17 children and young people from the UK, Northern Ireland, aged 10–14 years with ADHD. Over half the participants had a co-existing diagnosis, such as autism spectrum disorder. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim before being subjected to thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified; the emotional impact of the pandemic, adjustments to daily living, impact of remote learning and the effect on relationships. Many CYP citied feelings of sadness, loneliness and anxiety, others found the reduction in social demands favourable. Conclusions As one of few studies to capture the experiences of children and young people with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research highlights the potential negative long-term impact on emotional welfare, schooling and relationships. Implications for rehabilitation Health care professionals should be aware of the overall impact on health and well-being for children and young people with ADHD following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions to ensure that the effect of these are minimised and managed in the future. Educators and clinicians should be cognisant of the long term consequences of poor mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and should put in place pro-active strategies to support children and young people with ADHD. Children and young people with ADHD may suffer greatly from reduced access to sports and leisure facilities. Policy makers should be conscious of the potential negative consequences of placing limitations on access to such facilities.