Abstract
Abstract Since the implementation of all-sky radiance assimilation of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) in the operational hybrid 4D ensemble–variational Global Forecast System at NCEP in 2016, the all-sky approach has been tested to expand to the radiances of Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system (GSI). Following the all-sky framework implemented for the AMSU-A radiances, ATMS radiance assimilation adopts similar procedures in quality control, bias correction, and model of observation error. Efforts have been focused on special considerations that are necessary because of the unique features of the ATMS radiances and water vapor channels, including surface properties based on fields of view size and shape, and taking care of large departures from the first guess (OmF) along coastlines and radiances affected by strong scattering. More importantly, it is shown that this work makes microwave radiance OmFs become more consistent among different sensors, and provides indications of the deficiencies in quality control procedures of the original ATMS and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) clear-sky radiance assimilation. While the generalized tracer effect is noticed, the overall impact on the forecast skill is neutral. This work is included in the upcoming operational implementation in 2019.
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