Expanding Industrial Applications of Palladium Catalysts

Abstract

Rapidly expanding industrial applications of palladium catalysts as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are surveyed. They are classified into two types. The first type includes the oxidative reactions of olefins and aromatic compounds, and oxidative carbonylation. These reactions are catalyzed by Pd(II) salts and appropriate reoxidants. Reactions catalyzed by Pd(0) complexes are the second type, which includes reactions of organic halides and reactions via π-allylpalladium complexes. Also some promising palladium-catalyzed reactions, which may be used in commercial processes in future, are included. 1. Introduction 2. Oxidative Reactions Catalyzed by Pd(II) Salts 2.1. Oxidative Reactions of Olefins 2.2. Oxidative Reactions of Aromatic Compounds 2.3. Oxidative Carbonylation and Other Reactions 2.4. Summary 3. Reactions Catalyzed by Pd(0) Complexes 3.1. Reactions of Alkenyl and Aryl Halides 3.2. Catalytic Reactions of Allylic Compounds and Conjugated Dienes via π-Allylpalladium Complexes 3.3. Carbonylation of Olefins 4. Concluding Remarks