Abstract
Gastric cancer has a high rate of metastasis, during which pre-metastatic niches (PMN) provide a supportive environment for the upcoming tumor cells. Exosomes are bilayer vesicles secreted by cells containing biological information that mediates communication between cells. Using exosomes, gastric cancer cells establish PMN remotely in multifarious perspectives, including immunosuppression, stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, mesothelial mesenchymal transformation, and organotropism. In turn, the cell components in PMN secrete exosomes that interact with each other and provide onco-promoting signals. In this review, we highlight the role of exosomes in PMN formation in gastric cancer and discuss their potential values in gastric cancer metastasis diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally, ranking the fifth in cancer incidence and the third in cancer-related death [1]
We summarize the roles of exosomes in pre-metastatic niches (PMN) formation in gastric cancer, as well as their implications in gastric cancer metastasis, prevention, and treatment
Onco-Promoting Exosomes Derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) MSCs are another origin of tumor stromal cells, which are able to differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including adipocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), pericytes, and endothelial-like cells [82]
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers globally, ranking the fifth in cancer incidence and the third in cancer-related death [1]. We summarize the roles of exosomes in PMN formation in gastric cancer, as well as their implications in gastric cancer metastasis, prevention, and treatment. Exosomes contribute to malignity through their roles in gastric cancer growth, drug resistance, and metastasis (Figure 1).
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