Abstract
Exosomes as therapy for cancer
Highlights
Cancer was the sixth cause of death in 2016 and 18,078,957 people died in 2018 in the world
It has been proposed that exosomes can be used as biomarkers for cancer and in combination microRNAs, which trend to be enriched in exosomes [5,6]
Exosomes play important roles in cancer development like the modification of the tumor microenvironment to benefit tumor growth and survival, and some process as immune system evasion, inducing angiogenesis [1315], accelerated growth and proliferation, evading programmed cell death, reprogramming the energy metabolism of the cell, and algo processes like migration, invasion, etc [16,17]. Another important process where exosomes are involved in is metastasis, which can be lead by a differential expression of proteins of the integrin family on their surface, mediating the exosome accumulation through interaction with the ECM [18]
Summary
Rocío Retamales-Ortega and María Lorena Oróstica* Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile. Exosomes play important roles in cancer development like the modification of the tumor microenvironment to benefit tumor growth and survival, and some process as immune system evasion, inducing angiogenesis (to have access to a greater number of resources) [1315], accelerated growth and proliferation, evading programmed cell death, reprogramming the energy metabolism of the cell, and algo processes like migration, invasion, etc [16,17] Another important process where exosomes are involved in is metastasis, which can be lead by a differential expression of proteins of the integrin family on their surface, mediating the exosome accumulation through interaction with the ECM [18]. MiR-222 was related to resistance to adriamycin, miR-221/222 would be promoting resistance to tamoxifen in ER positive breast cancer cells (MCF7) [26,27]. miR-base therapies could be a good tool, the clinical trials did not achieve satisfactory effects [28]
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