Abstract
Glioma, the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system, originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis. This experimental laboratory study was designed to explore the role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in the metastasis of glioma. Serum samples were collected from patients with non-metastatic or metastatic glioma (n = 20 per group), and healthy volunteers (n = 8). Exosomes were isolated from the serum and the morphological characteristics were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The expression of CD81 and CD63 was measured to identify exosomes. Glioma tissue and the adjacent normal tissue samples were obtained from patients with non-metastatic or metastatic glioma (n = 12 per group). Meanwhile, 4 normal brain tissue samples were collected. The expression of CD44, hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was determined in each group using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of CD44, HMMR, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and selectin E (SELE) was measured with western blotting. Exosomes were present in the serum, and the proteins CD81 and CD63 were expressed in all 3 groups. CD44 was highly expressed in the non-metastasis and metastasis groups. The expression of HMMR and MMP-9 in the Adj-metastasis and Adj-non-metastasis groups was high, while in the other groups, the levels were low. The expression of CD44 in the metastasis and non-metastasis groups was significantly higher than that of the negative control (NC) group, and the expression in the metastasis group was higher than that of the non-metastasis group. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not found in either the metastasis or non-metastasis group. The protein expression of HMMR and SELE was high in all groups. Exosome EpCAM promoted the metastasis of glioma by targeting CD44.
Highlights
Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system; it originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis.[1]
Exosomes were isolated from the serum and the morphological characteristics were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Exosome epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) promoted the metastasis of glioma by targeting CD44
Summary
Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system; it originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis.[1]. Normal brain tissue is more prone to radiation brain damage, resulting in a five-year mortality rate for glioma patients that remains at over 95%.4. Some researchers have come to believe that the occurrence of tumors is closely related to the interaction between external environmental factors and the host’s internal genetic factors. The research on the occurrence and development mechanism of brain glioma has been raised to the molecular level. Studies have found that many cytokines and genes participate in the occurrence and development of brain glioma, and that these cytokines and genes have broad application prospects in clinical practice. The most common primary tumor in the central nervous system, originates from glial cells and has a poor prognosis
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