Abstract
A rapidly growing research evidence has begun to shed light on the potential application of exosome, which modulates intercellular communications. As donor cell released vesicles, exosomes could play roles as a regulator of cellular behaviors in up-taken cells, as well as a delivery carrier of drugs for targeted cells. Natural product is an invaluable drug resources and it is used widely as therapeutic agents in cancers. This review summarizes the most recent advances in exosomes as natural product delivery carriers in cancer therapy from the following aspects: composition of exosomes, biogenesis of exosomes, and its functions in cancers. The main focus is the advantages and applications of exosomes for drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review also summarizes the isolation and application of exosomes as delivery carriers of natural products in cancer therapy. The recent progress and challenges of using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for five representative anti-cancer natural products including paclitaxel, curcumin, doxorubicin, celastrol, and β-Elemene. Based on the discussion on the current knowledge about exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds to the targeted site, this review delineates the landscape of the recent research, challenges, trends and prospects in exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds for cancer treatment.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the major treats to human life worldwide
SiRNA could be delivered across the blood-brain barrier by exosomes to the central nervous system (Alvarez-Erviti et al, 2011). These results demonstrate that exosomes may be a promising alternative to nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles (Parodi et al, 2017)
Because exosomes as drug delivery carriers have good biodistribution, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity, more researchers have begun to study their applications for enhancing the bioavailability of natural products in cancer therapy (Figure 3)
Summary
Cancer is one of the major treats to human life worldwide. In the Western world, the mortality of cancer has decreased, but cancer mortality remains high in the developing and underdeveloped countries. Biomarkers to induce chemoresistance in breast cancer cells (Santos et al, 2018); miR-32-5p delivered by exosomes can cause multi-drug resistance by promoting angiogenesis and EMT (Fu et al, 2018). The applications of exosomes in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs have exhibited enhanced curative effects in cancer therapy.
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