EXOGENOUS TRANSFORMATION OF THE WATER RESERVOIRS COASTS AT FLOODPLAIN-TERRACE COMPLEX (the Kama river basin as an example)

Abstract

On the coasts of water basins floodplain-terrace complex there are many exogenous processes of apparent minor significance which however have obvious impact on the coastal landforms. For almost half of the shore-line they are the single cause of the shore morphology changes. For instance on the surface of the shallows the deep (up to 40 cm) cracks appear, which are permanently widening due to inflation. The peat island had been anchored near the bay at the Visim village (the left bank of the widest part of the Kama water reservoir) and blocked the drift of deposits which caused the widening of the beach and terrace appearance. The tube erosion in the detached and sunk blocks, landslides and earth-falls leaned against the cliff. Diameter of the tubes reaches 1.5 m at the mouth, their length – more than 4 m. The most density of the erosion tubes (10–15 / 100 m) occurs at abrasion-earth-fall and abrasion-landslide types of the bank consisting of deluvial loam. Deflation may remove from the slope 5–7 cm of sand under the conditions of dry and windy weather during 3–5 days.