Abstract
Disturbances of the microcirculation and abnormal hemorheological properties are important factors that play an important role in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and result in organ dysfunction or failure. In the present study, we established an animal model of DIC using intravenous Dextran 500 in rats, and used exogenous normal lymph corresponding to 1/15 of whole blood volume for injection through the left jugular vein. We found that normal lymph could improve the blood pressure and survival time of rats with DIC. The results regarding the mesenteric microcirculation showed that the abnormality of the diameter of mesenteric microvessels and micro-blood flow speed in the DIC+lymph group was significantly less than in the DIC+saline group. Whole blood viscosity, relative viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and electrophoresis time of erythrocytes were significantly increased in the DIC+saline group compared to the control group. The electrophoretic length and migration of erythrocytes from the DIC+saline and DIC+lymph groups were significantly slower than the control group. Blood relative viscosity, Hct, ESR, and electrophoretic time of erythrocytes were significantly increased in the DIC+lymph group compared to the control group. Whole blood viscosity, relative viscosity and reduced viscosity were significantly lower in the DIC+lymph group than in the DIC+saline group, and erythrocyte deformability index was also significantly higher than in the DIC+saline and control groups. These results suggest that exogenous normal lymph could markedly improve the acute microcirculation disturbance and the abnormal hemorheological properties in rats with DIC induced by Dextran 500.
Highlights
The lymphatic circulation participates in tissue fluid flow and plays an important role in maintaining blood volume and homeostasis [1]
Mesenteric microvessels were clearly visible with welldefined edges and their blood stream pattern was www.bjournal.com.br characterized by line or line-granular flow before Dextran 500 injection in both the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)+saline and DIC+lymph groups, and no red blood cells (RBC) aggregation was observed (Figure 2A and G)
Changes in blood viscosity in the three groups of rats Whole blood viscosity at high, medium and low shear rates increased significantly in the DIC+saline group compared to control, and decreased in the DIC+lymph group compared to the DIC+saline group, they did not differ significantly from control (Figure 5)
Summary
The lymphatic circulation participates in tissue fluid flow and plays an important role in maintaining blood volume and homeostasis [1]. Studies from our laboratory have suggested that exogenous normal lymph has a therapeutic effect on rats subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock and could reduce the disturbance in the mesenteric microcirculation. The anti-shock effect of lymph may not be due to restoration of blood volume or colloid osmotic pressure, and its mechanism may be related to the characteristic of low viscosity and high fatty content of lymph [3]. Microcirculation disturbances and abnormal hemorheological properties are important factors in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), resulting in organ dysfunction or failure [4]. We established a DIC model in the rat, and examined the effects of exogenous normal lymph on the mesenteric microcirculation and hemorheological indices
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