Exogenous Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers Reduce Bovine Milk Fat Concentration and Yield by Inhibiting De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent anticarcinogen secreted in milk of ruminants, but it inhibits de novo fatty acid synthesis and desaturation in mammary cell cultures. The potential for increasing CLA content of milk fat and the effects of elevated CLA availability on milk fat secretion were investigated. Four Holstein cows were used in a single crossover design with repeated measures to determine milk fatty acid concentration in response to a 24-h infusion of 200 g linoleic acid (LA) or a mixture of 100 g LA plus 100 g CLA (LCLA). Milk and blood samples were obtained 12 h before infusion and at 12-h intervals from 0 to 72 h. Compared with LA infusion, total CLA concentration in blood plasma at 24 h in response to LCLA was elevated fivefold, whereas CLA content of plasma triglycerides was increased 10-fold. Milk fat yield from 24 to 72 h was ∼34% lower in response to LCLA compared with LA, due primarily to reduced yield of fatty acids with six to 16 carbons. Amount of CLA in milk increased from 0.5 g/100 g total fatty acids at 0 h to 3.3 g/100 g at 36 h in response to LCLA. Concentration of stearic acid in milk fat at 36 h in response to LCLA was nearly double the stearic acid concentration in response to LA. Oleic and arachidonic acid concentrations in milk declined as stearic acid increased in response to LCLA. Results indicated CLA content of milk fat reflects the amount available for absorption from the small intestine, and CLA appeared to be a potent inhibitor of de novo fatty acid synthesis and desaturation in the mammary gland.