Exogenous Antioxidants Impact on UV-Induced Changes in Membrane Phospholipids and the Effectiveness of the Endocannabinoid System in Human Skin Cells.

Agnieszka Gęgotek,Elżbieta Skrzydlewska,Marta Dobrzyńska,Anna Jastrząb,Michał Biernacki

doi:10.3390/antiox10081260

Agnieszka Gęgotek, Elżbieta Skrzydlewska + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081260

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Abstract

Natural antioxidants effectively counteract changes caused by UV radiation in human skin cells. However, their action is limited due to their lipo/hydrophilicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the mutual protective action of hydrophilic ascorbic acid and partially lipophilic rutin against UVA/UVB-induced changes in membranes phospholipid and endocannabinoid system in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Obtained results clearly showed that, despite the stronger antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid, the lipid membranes were more effectively protected against UV-induced oxidation by rutin, including changes in phospholipid fatty acid levels, prevention against reactive aldehydes formation and endocannabinoids degradation. Ascorbic acid more strongly prevented UV-induced endocannabinoid receptors expression in fibroblasts, especially CB1. However, the combined action of used antioxidants resulted in the greatest cytoprotective effect, which was evident in the inflammatory marker TNFα down-regulation and increased cell viability following cell irradiation. The applied mixture of antioxidants showed a stronger protective in relation to membrane phospholipids in keratinocytes and in the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts. In conclusion, it can be suggested that combined antioxidant capacities of ascorbic acid and rutin protects against lipid peroxidation but also decreases the UV-induced inflammation by direct interaction with the endocannabinoid system, thus increasing skin cell viability.

Highlights

Human skin, as the most external structure of the body, constitutes the basic protection of internal organs by creating a barrier against the harmful factors of the external environment and, at the same time, provides a direct link with this environment
Skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes are rich in enzymatic protective systems; their activation is often dependent on signaling molecules belonging to the lipid metabolites [2]
UVB-induced changes in the level of lipid mediators and endocannabinoid system functioning in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes

Summary

Introduction

As the most external structure of the body, constitutes the basic protection of internal organs by creating a barrier against the harmful factors of the external environment and, at the same time, provides a direct link with this environment. Skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes are rich in enzymatic protective systems; their activation is often dependent on signaling molecules belonging to the lipid metabolites [2]. That is especially visible in the UV-irradiated skin cells, where radiation activates the antioxidant system and induces inflammatory reaction through an enhanced level of lipid peroxidation products, including reactive aldehydes and isoprostanes [3]. It deserves special attention, especially since UV radiation contained in sunlight is one of the most common harmful factors to which human skin is exposed [4]. Products of the oxidative lipids metabolism, especially small molecular aldehydes, have been described as one of the most reactive and, are the fastest signals transducers that can modify

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