Abstract
Numerous errors abound in the perception and calculation of gas flow in short tubes. This paper will develop modified equations for short-tube viscous flow in circular tubes with either a choked or a nonchoked exit. Several practical examples will be presented for vacuum component and system analysis. These equations and techniques are then combined with corresponding information from molecular flow studies to develop a new composite approach to gas flow in the transition range. The final result is a simplified approach to computer solutions of gas flow for orifices, short tubes, and long tubes—from molecular flow to atmospheric pressure.
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