Abstract
The exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is the main residue generated year-round after the extraction of the residual oil contained in the olive pomace. Due to its chemical composition, EOP is an interesting bioresource for the production of bioenergy and high added-value products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the extraction of antioxidants from EOP using sequential ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and maceration with constant stirring. Water and 70% acetone were used as solvents. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant capacity was investigated and the phenolic extracts were also characterized.
Highlights
More than 97% of the world’s olive production is concentrated in the Mediterranean region [1], and Spain is the world’s leading producer and exporter of olive oil [2]
Using water extraction through maceration at 80 °C, higher amounts of phenolic compounds were solubilized in the liquid fraction in a single step (Table 2), and totally 4.22 acid gallic equivalents (GAE) versus 2.88 GAE using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with both solvents
[15], 3.6 mg GAE/g dry mass for water, and 9.90 mg GAE/g dry mass for 60% acetone. These results revealed that the phenolic compounds from exhausted olive pomace (EOP) are highly polar and a large amount can be obtained using water
Summary
More than 97% of the world’s olive production is concentrated in the Mediterranean region [1], and Spain is the world’s leading producer and exporter of olive oil [2]. According to the chemical composition of EOP, which can contain up to 35% of carbohydrates and its high content in non-structural components, around 50%, it constitutes a promising feedstock within the context of biorefinery for the production of bioenergy and bioactive compounds extraction, such as phenolic compounds [4]. These compounds are natural antioxidants with applications in the food industry. These bioactive compounds show potential health benefits, and their applications for the pharmaceutical and food industries are large
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