Abstract
BackgroundObesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women.MethodsThirty-two obese black South African women were randomly assigned to exercise (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or control (no exercise) conditions for 12-weeks. Pre- and post-testing included venous blood sampling for analysis of lipid profile and HDL functionality, by measuring cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, reduction in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression (anti-inflammatory function), paraoxonase (PON) (antioxidative function) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities (anti-thrombotic function). PON-1 and PAF-AH expression were determined in serum and in isolated HDL using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system.ResultsExercise training resulted in a decrease in body mass index (− 1.0 ± 0.5% vs + 1.2 ± 0.6%, p = 0.010), PON activity (− 8.7 ± 2.4% vs + 1.1 ± 3.0%, p = 0.021), PAF-AH serum expression (− 22.1 ± 8.0% vs + 16.9 ± 9.8, p = 0.002), and the distribution of small HDL subclasses (− 10.1 ± 5.4% vs + 15.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) compared to controls. Exercise did not alter HDL cellular cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the potential for exercise training to modify HDL subclass distribution and HDL function in obese women.Trial registrationClinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113.
Highlights
Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations are inversely associated with risk for cardiovascular disease [9], the recent outcomes of clinical trials aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing HDL-C levels have been unsuccessful
Total-C, HDL-C and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C concentrations did not vary between groups in response to the intervention
Summary
Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women. Exercise training interventions (aerobic and/or resistance) reduce cardiovascular risk factors such as body fat mass, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [2,3,4,5,6,7]. HDL-C concentrations are inversely associated with risk for cardiovascular disease [9], the recent outcomes of clinical trials aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by increasing HDL-C levels have been unsuccessful (reviewed by [10]). HDL quality refers to specific HDL functions and the distribution of HDL subclasses
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