Exercise – induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) – challenge of sports medicine

Abstract

Exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a paroxysmal paradoxical obstruction of the larynx during inspiration. This condition manifests as attacks of inspiratory dyspnea with stridor at the peak of physical exertion, when the respiratory rate is close to maximum. EILO primarily affects young athletes. This dysfunction requires differentiation from bronchial asthma, which also manifests itself as paroxysmal dyspnea. Endoscopic visualization of the larynx during a seizure provoked by intense exercise is necessary for EILO diagnosis. This condition may have a detrimental effect on the of professional athletes’ careers. Numerous therapeutic methods have been proposed for the treatment of EILO, from pulmonary rehabilitation, through injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles of the larynx, to surgical procedures widening the lumen of this organ. There is no evidence that inhalation is effective in the traatmant of this condition. A rational protocol for the management of a patient diagnosed with EILO is essential. Effective differentiation with bronchial asthma will help reduce the overuse of inhaled drugs by athletes.