Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with atherosclerotic changes in coronary vessels, most notably plaques. The angiostatic parameter endostatin is able to inhibit angiogenesis in tissue as well as in plaques and therefore plays an important role in physiological and pathological neovascularisation. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-specific differences and the influence of exercise on circulating endostatin levels in patients suffering from diabetes, and control subjects.MethodsIn total, 42 T2DM-patients and 45 control subjects were investigated. They underwent a graded physical stress test (ergometry). Serum endostatin levels were measured in venous blood at rest and directly after reaching maximum workload.ResultsFemales showed significantly higher endostatin levels at baseline measurements compared to men, independently of their underlying disease. In both female and male T2DM-patients endostatin levels were significantly lower compared to controls. Both groups and sexes showed a significant increase of endostatin after physical stress, whereas the extent of endostatin-increase was between 10.59-15.05%.ConclusionMiddle-aged healthy female individuals as well as female T2DM-patients showed higher circulating serum endostatin levels compared to males, suggesting a hormonal influence on baseline circulating endostatin amounts. Exercise-induced increase in endostatin is also observable in patients suffering from T2DM. Concerning vascularisation, lower endostatin levels in T2DM might be advantageous. Concerning plaque stability, lower levels might be prejudicial.Trial registrationClinical Trial Registration-URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT01165515
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and strokes in industrialized as well as emergent countries
After physical examination and a 30-minute period of rest, a needle was inserted in an anticubital vein and all included subjects had to undergo a 12-lead-ECG-controlled graded bicycle exercise test according to the ergometry protocol of the Austrian Society of Cardiology which is consistent with the protocol of the The German Society of Cardiology and the Bruce Protocol [21]
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-patients were slightly older and had a higher BMI compared to the controls the differences were not significant
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and strokes in industrialized as well as emergent countries. In a further study by Gu et al, where 7 healthy male subjects who performed treadmill exercise for 4–10 minutes, showed plasma endostatin levels increased significantly. Exercise-induced increase of serum endostatin levels were observed by Suhr et al in short- and long-track elite runners [20]. Further to these studies, Brixius et al observed a decrease in plasma endostatin levels in obese men following a 6-month training period. Brixius et al observed a decrease in plasma endostatin levels in obese men following a 6-month training period In all these studies only small populations of male subjects were investigated, so there remains a significant lack of data for endostatin in females. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-specific differences and the influence of exercise on circulating endostatin levels in patients suffering from diabetes, and control subjects
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