Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that exercise improves renal and cardiac functions in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term aerobic swimming exercise with overload on renal and cardiac function in rats with 5/6 nefrectomy (5/6Nx). Eight Wistar rats were placed into 4 groups: Control (C), Control+Exercise (E), Sedentary 5/6Nx (NxS) and 5/6Nx+Exercise (NxE). The rats were subjected to swimming exercise sessions with overload for 30 min five days per week for five weeks. Exercise reduced the effect of 5/6Nx on creatinine clearance compared to the NxS group. In addition, exercise minimized the increase in mean proteinuria compared to the NxS group (96.9±10.0 vs. 51.4±9.9 mg/24 h; p<0.05). Blood pressure was higher in the NxS and NxE groups compared to the C and E groups (216±4 and 178±3 vs. 123±2 and 124±2 mm Hg, p<0.05). In the 200 glomeruli that were evaluated, the NxS group had a higher sclerosis index than did the NxE group (16% vs. 2%, p<0.05). Echocardiography demonstrated a higher anterior wall of the left ventricle (LV) in diastole in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. The NxS group also had a higher LV posterior wall in diastole and systole compared with the E group. The developed isometric tension in Lmax of the heart papillary muscle was lower in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. These results suggested that exercise in 5/6Nx animals might reduce the progression of renal disease and lessen the cardiovascular impact of a reduction in renal mass.
Highlights
Kidney disease has a significant impact on patient morbimortality
Blood pressure was higher in the NxS and the NxE groups compared to the C and the E groups (21664 and 17863 vs. 12362 and 12462 mmHg, respectively, p,0.05)
From the 200 glomeruli that were evaluated, the NxS group had a higher index of alterations compared to the NxE group (16% vs. 2%, p,0.05) (Figure 1 D)
Summary
Kidney disease has a significant impact on patient morbimortality. The pathophysiological spectrum of kidney diseases is broad [1]. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, which is caused by increases in intraglomerular pressure and hyperfiltration [2]. CKD leads to reduced physical activity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve renal and cardiac function in individuals with CKD, and exercise has gained more attention as a possible tool for preventing, reducing or delaying CKD progression [1,4,5,6]. Improving our knowledge of the effects of swimming training on cardiovascular function is relevant for CKD patients [10]
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