Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Induce Changes in the Composition of Liver Fatty Acids.

Adriana Mika,Filippo Macaluso,Tomasz Sledzinski,Rosario Barone,Aleksandra Czumaj,Giulio Spinoso,Piotr Stepnowski,Valentina Di Felice

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00602

Abstract

Exercise and supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are used to reduce body weight and to improve health. Applied together, they may exert a synergistic effect. However, the effects of exercise and CLA supplementation on liver metabolism are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of exercise and CLA supplementation on fatty acids (FA) composition in mouse liver. We analyzed 44 of known FAs of this organ by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrated that exercise contributed to a decrease in odd-chain FA and an increase in n-6 polyunsaturated FA contents. In turn, CLA stimulated an increase in branched-chain FAs and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs. Exercise combined with CLA supplementation caused a substantial increase in branched-chain FA content and a slight increase in n-6 polyunsaturated FAs. The elevated liver content of branched-chain FAs after the exercise combined with CLA supplementation, as well as the increase in n-3 polyunsaturated FAs after CLA may be favorable since both these FA groups were previously shown to produce health benefits. However, the expression pattern of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis did not match the changes in FA composition. Thus, the mechanism of exercise- and CLA-induced changes in liver FA profile is yet to be established. Also, the consequences of CLA- and/or exercise-induced changes in the composition of liver FAs need to be elucidated.

Highlights

The hepatic fat composition is determined by a number of processes, e.g., de novo lipogenesis, delivery of lipids to the liver from diet or adipose tissue, hepatic lipid oxidation and secretion of intrahepatic lipids to the circulation (Lira et al, 2012; Brouwers et al, 2016)
This study revealed that physical exercise, supplementation with Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and combination thereof might induce significant changes in fatty acids (FA) composition of mouse liver
The effect of exercise and CLA supplementation on Branched-chain saturated FA (BCFA) content should probably be considered a favorable finding since elevated levels of FA from this group were previously shown to be associated with some health benefits (Wongtangtintharn et al, 2004, 2005, Ran-Ressler et al, 2011), and their serum levels correlated inversely with hypertriglyceridemia, inflammation and insulin concentration (Mika et al, 2016)

Summary

Introduction

The hepatic fat composition is determined by a number of processes, e.g., de novo lipogenesis, delivery of lipids to the liver from diet or adipose tissue, hepatic lipid oxidation and secretion of intrahepatic lipids to the circulation (Lira et al, 2012; Brouwers et al, 2016). Alterations of these processes are responsible for deposition of the intrahepatic lipids and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver (Brouwers et al, 2016), a condition associated with obesity, insulin resistance. The results of another study involving rats suggest that CLA may, attenuate liver steatosis (Purushotham et al, 2007)

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