Excitation-energy dependence of fission in the mercury region

Abstract

Background: Recent experiments on beta-delayed fission reported an asymmetric mass yield in the neutron-deficient nucleus 180Hg. Earlier experiments in the mass region A=190-200 close to the beta-stability line, using the (p,f) and (\alpha,f) reactions, observed a more symmetric distribution of fission fragments. While the beta-delayed fission of 180Hg can be associated with relatively low excitation energy, this is not the case for light-ion reactions, which result in warm compound nuclei. Purpose: To elucidate the roles of proton and neutron numbers and excitation energy in determining symmetric and asymmetric fission yields, we compute and analyze the isentropic potential energy surfaces of 174,180,198Hg and 196,210Po. Methods: We use the finite-temperature superfluid nuclear density functional theory, for excitation energies up to E*=30MeV and zero angular momentum. For our theoretical framework, we consider the Skyrme energy density functional SkM* and a density-dependent pairing interaction. Results: For 174,180Hg, we predict fission pathways consistent with asymmetric fission at low excitation energies, with the symmetric fission pathway opening very gradually as excitation energy is increased. For 198Hg and 196Po, we expect the nearly-symmetric fission channel to dominate. 210Po shows a preference for a slightly asymmetric pathway at low energies, and a preference for a symmetric pathway at high energies. Conclusions: Our self-consistent theory suggests that excitation energy weakly affects the fission pattern of the nuclei considered. The transition from the asymmetric fission in the proton-rich nuclei to a more symmetric fission in the heavier isotopes is governed by the shell structure of pre-scission configurations.