Abstract
A method is presented for quantifying quantum-mechanical exchange effects within the dielectric theory of electron scattering, the prevailing model for electron energy losses in condensed-matter systems. The approach utilizes a uniquely symmetric view of direct and exchange scattering events along with a generalized interference phase to account physically for the reduced scattering rates required by the Pauli exclusion of final-state fermions with corresponding spin, energy, and momentum. It is found that existing implementations either neglect or substantially overestimate the impact of exchange interference for condensed materials with broad optical loss spectra due to mathematical approximations or physical assumptions which are largely avoidable. The results suggest that the impact of exchange may alter inelastic scattering cross sections by between 10% and 20% for incident energies below 200 eV, a critical energy range for current investigations in electron and photoelectron spectroscopies.
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