Excess molar volumes, viscosity, refractive index, and Gibbs energy of activation of binary biodiesel + benzene, and biodiesel + toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K

Abstract

Excess molar volumes (V E), viscosities, refractive index, and Gibbs energies were evaluated for binary biodiesel + benzene and toluene mixtures at 298.15 and 303.15 K. The excess molar volumes V E were determined from density, while the excess Gibbs free energy of activation G*E was calculated from viscosity deviation Δη. The excess molar volume (V E), viscosity deviation (Δη), and excess Gibbs energy of activation (G*E) were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and estimate the standard deviations between the experimental data and calculation results. All mixtures showed positive V E values obviously caused by increased physical interactions between biodiesel and the organic solvents.