Abstract
Dielectric capacitors with ultrahigh power density are highly desired in modern electrical and electronic systems. However, their comprehensive performances still need to be further improved for application, such as recoverable energy storage density, efficiency and temperature stability. In this work, new lead-free bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric thin films of CaBi4Ti4O15-Bi(Fe0.93Mn0.05Ti0.02)O3 (CBTi-BFO) were prepared via chemical solution deposition. The CBTi-BFO film has a small crystallization temperature window and exhibits a polycrystalline bismuth layered structure with no secondary phases at annealing temperatures of 500–550 °C. The effects of annealing temperature on the energy storage performances of a series of thin films were investigated. The lower the annealing temperature of CBTi-BFO, the smaller the carrier concentration and the fewer defects, resulting in a higher intrinsic breakdown field strength of the corresponding film. Especially, the CBTi-BFO film annealed at 500 °C shows a high recoverable energy density of 82.8 J·cm−3 and efficiency of 78.3%, which can be attributed to the very slim hysteresis loop and a relatively high electric breakdown strength. Meanwhile, the optimized CBTi-BFO film capacitor exhibits superior fatigue endurance after 107 charge–discharge cycles, a preeminent thermal stability up to 200 °C, and an outstanding frequency stability in the range of 500 Hz–20 kHz. All these excellent performances indicate that the CBTi-BFO film can be used in high energy density storage applications.
Highlights
At present, energy and environmental issues are the focus of social attention
We found that the microstructures of the CaBi4 Ti4 O15 (CBTi)-BFO thin films can be dominated by adjusting the annealing temperature
Note that the CBTi-BFO films annealed at 500 and 550 ◦ C show the (119) and (200) diffraction peaks accompanied with another peak with low intensity, which are consistent with the reported results of other CBTi films with
Summary
The vigorous development of green and clean energy (such as wind and solar energy) is one of the future trends. The instability and intermittency of green energy put forward higher requirements for energy storage technology [1,2,3,4,5]. Film capacitors offer a smaller size and higher energy storage density, making them easier to integrate into circuits than other devices such as ceramic capacitors [10]. Most commercial dielectrics are mainly made of organic polymers, such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), which have been widely used as the dielectric layer in power inverter capacitor systems, making the storage system bulky due to the low energy density (
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