Excellence in Surgical Care: A Review of Preoperative and Postoperative Management

Abstract

A retrospective study aimed to analyze and identify the main components involved in patients' preoperative and postoperative management, recognizing the importance of knowledge in approaching the complexities inherent to surgical procedures. Search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. Patients with compromised organic functional reserve, when undergoing surgical procedures, often face an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In this context, obtaining a comprehensive medical history and a meticulous physical assessment are crucial in decision- making. Laboratory tests are recommended only when clinical findings justify their performance. This review highlights fundamental aspects, including surgical indication, clinical history, physical examination, surgical risk assessment, continuous use medications, sedation approaches, antibiotic prophylaxis, unique preparations, and postoperative care. In conclusion, this comprehensive literature review significantly contributed to the in-depth and wellfounded understanding of the preoperative preparation and postoperative care of patients with surgical pathologies within a scientifically validated context.