Abstract
Abstract Heavy metals have been widely applied in industry, agriculture, and other fields because of their outstanding physics and chemistry properties. However, heavy metal pollution is inevitable in the process of mass production and emission. Heavy metal ions will cause irreversible harm to the human body and other organisms due to their nondegradable nature even at low concentrations of exposure and ingestion. Therefore, it is of great significance for human health and ecological environment to develop high accuracy and sensitivity as well as stable techniques for detecting heavy metal ions. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been regarded as a promising new technique for the determination of trace heavy metal ions on account of its special fingerprint identification capability, high sensitivity, rapid detection ability, and simple operation. This review summarized in detail the basic principles and strategies for detecting mercury ions, copper ions, arsenic ions, zinc ions, cadmium ions, lead ions, and chromium (VI) ions as well as the current challenges and future trends for the determination of heavy metal ions based on SERS technology.
Highlights
Heavy metal ion pollution has become more and more serious with the rapid development of the economy in recent years
To obtain more reliable and more accurate results, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with other technologies such as colorimetry, fluorescence and microextraction have been reported for the detection of heavy metal ions
This review summarized the recent advances in detecting several common heavy metal ions based on the SERS method which can be mainly divided into the following strategies: (1) like arsenate, arsenite, and dichromate, they can be tested directly by As–O or Cr–O bonds
Summary
Heavy metal ion pollution has become more and more serious with the rapid development of the economy in recent years. The main methods of chromatography are gas chromatography (GC) [19] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [20] These methods can achieve highly sensitive detection for heavy metal ions, they have some disadvantages. According to China’s standard for the determination of heavy metal (HJ597-2011), 0.06 μg/L of total Hg in drinking water can be detected using AAS with microwave digestion when sampling volume is 25 mL. It needs multiple sample preconcentration processing and expensive instruments. We present an in-depth discussion on the principles, strategies, challenges, and future development of SERS in detecting heavy metal ions
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