Examination of Placental Dysfunction and Neonatal Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients who have Hyperemesis Gravidarum Diagnosis

Abstract

Background: Evidence on the effect of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) on pregnancy outcomes is still unclear. In this study, placenta-related dysfunctions and neonatal outcomes in patients who were hospitalized with HG were retrospectively analyzed.
 Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively among women who had singleton deliveries in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. As the case group, women with singleton pregnancies who were hospitalized due to HG and delivered were included. The control group consisted of women with singleton pregnancies who delivered without hospitalization due to HG. Through the hospitalization files of the patients who were hospitalized due to HG and not hospitalized due to HG, neonatal outcomes such as placental dysfunction, including gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or stillbirth, and low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth (PTB), the necessity for neonatal intensive care, 5-min Apgar scores, were examined.
 Findings: The mean gestational age was determined as 37.7 ± 1.5 weeks in the HG group and 37.8 ± 1.4 weeks in the control group. The mean week of gestation upon hospitalization for HG was 10.6 ± 3.6 weeks. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding preeclampsia, PTB, postpartum hemorrhage, birth weight, GDM, or neonatal intensive care unit requirement. It was found that SGA babies with abnormal birth weights were seen more frequently in the deliveries of patients hospitalized for HG (P = 0.022). The 5-min Apgar scores were higher in the deliveries of patients hospitalized for HG than in the control group (P = 0.004). 
 Conclusion: It was concluded that hospitalizations due to HG do not pose a risk of placental dysfunction. Of the neonatal outcomes, SGA was more common in the infants of mothers with HG. Contrary to the expectations herein, the 5-min Apgar scores were higher in hospitalized patients for HG.