Exact two-component Hamiltonians revisited

Abstract

Two routes for deriving the exact two-component Hamiltonians are compared. In the first case, as already known, we start directly from the matrix representation of the Dirac operator in a restricted kinetically balanced basis and make a single block diagonalization. In the second case, not considered before, we start instead from the Foldy-Wouthuysen operator and make proper use of resolutions of the identity. The expressions are surprisingly different. It turns out that a mistake was made in the former formulation when going from the Dirac to the Schrodinger picture. The two formulations become equivalent after the mistake is corrected.