Abstract
A two-photon fluorescent probe based on a ruthenium(II) vinyl complex is capable of selectively detecting carbon monoxide in cells and ex vivo using mice with a subcutaneous air pouch as a model for inflammation. This probe combines highly selective and sensitive ex vivo detection of endogenous CO in a realistic model with facile, inexpensive synthesis, and displays many advantages over the widely used palladium-based systems.
Highlights
In the body, CO serves many functions, including antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antiapoptotic and anticoagulative roles
There is evidence that an increased generation of HO-derived CO plays a critical role in the resolution of inflammatory processes and alleviation of cardiovascular disorders.[5]
CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) are capable of liberating controlled amounts of CO in biological systems and this has led to their investigation for the prevention of vascular dysfunction, inflammation, tissue ischemia and organ rejection.[6]
Summary
Scheme 1. (a) Synthesis of HC CL; (b) Preparation of 6 and Reaction of 6 with CO; (c) Crystal Structure of TBTD (Supporting Information). Further tests confirmed the solution and photostability of probe 6 (Figures S4-4, S4-5 in Supporting Information) These experiments successfully demonstrated the potential of probe 6 for sensing CO in cells as the probe is (i) sufficiently soluble in water, (ii) selective for CO, producing a remarkable fluorescence enhancement, (iii) emissive at higher wavelengths than the range typical of protein emissions (250−400 nm) and (iv) two-photon active (vide inf ra). Text and figures giving information on general considerations, instrumentation, synthesis of TBTD, HC CL, 6, 6·CO and 7, crystallographic data and structures of 7 and 7·CO, selectivity studies, solution and UV stability studies for probe 6 and stability studies of 6 in the presence of interferents, cytotoxicity and microscopy studies including cellular internalization kinetics, animal preparation (PDF) Data for TBTD, 7 and 7·CO (CIF).
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